Open Password – Monday, May 10, 2021
#920
75 years of the Austria Press Agency – Cooperatives – Clemens Pig – Theresia Theurl – Institute for Cooperatives – University of Münster – Margarete Schramböck – Franz Reischl – Austrian Cooperative Association – Member Value – Cooperatives and young people – Image – Big Tech and the pandemic – Health mapping – Felix Maschewski – Anna-Verena Nosthoff – Luxembourg, social analysis and left-wing practice – Health mapping – Tim Cook – Google – Health data – Health Study – Verily – Baseline – Healthy at Work – Google Covid-19 Community Mobility Report – Apple – Apple Watch – Citizen Scientists – Interface for tracing apps – Facebook – Fake News – Data for Good – Facebook Messenger – Predictive models – Amazon – Amazon Care – Halo – Affective Computing – GAFA – Coordination of collection preservation and archiving – Common metadata format – German and Austrian library associations – Silke Sewing – Coordination office for the preservation of written cultural assets – KEK recommendations for action – Journal database – Speicherverbund Nord – University of Hamburg – MARC21 – AG Cooperative Network Applications – German National Library – MARC 583 – PICA 4233 – Twitter – Scroll – Thomson Reuters – American Chemical Society – ACS Publications – ACS Education – Springer Nature – Wolters Kluwer – S&P Dow Jones Indices – S&P Digital Market Indices – Outsell
1.
75 years of Austria Press Agency:
The great song of the cooperative
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Cover story:
Preservation and archiving: coordination based on
a common metadata format
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International News
75 years of the Austria Press Agency
High praise from the cooperative
The cooperative enables its mostly medium-sized members to achieve a competitive size together. This is about cooperation in order to jointly develop services at the currently required rapid pace that would be too complex and risky for each individual cooperative member, said the managing director of the Austria Press Agency, Clemens Pig, on Monday evening at the APA talk on the topic of “The Future of Cooperatives “on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the APA. The APA is itself a cooperative.
Theresia Theurl, Director of the Institute for Cooperatives at the University of Münster. «If you’re not big, you must be smart.» Cooperatives therefore offer their members the opportunity to remain independent, maintain control and yet find new solutions together at great speed. “We can generate size through cooperatives without suffering the disadvantages of size,” says Theurl.
From Theurl’s perspective, the cooperative’s greatest strength is that owners are also users of the services. Therefore, it is about “member value”, i.e. values for the members who measure themselves in company performance, instead of “shareholder value” – i.e. cash distributions for investors, as well as long-term and sustainable business and the distribution of profits to users.
Cooperatives are for young people, said Theurl. «Young people think in communities, in projects, they rave about swarm intelligence and advocate sharing models.» In particular, the aspects of transparency and self-determination are very attractive for young people. Overall, cooperatives are «an ideal, well-considered solution to the challenges we face Time» – not just for banks and agriculture, but for the digital economy as a whole, said the professor.
Economics Minister Margarete Schramböck (ÖVP) also pointed out in the discussion that the cooperatives are currently in the process of reinventing themselves in the digital economy. Many people are not aware of the further development of the cooperative because it is usually «not such a sensation that it hits the first page of the media,» said the minister.
Franz Reischl, President of the Austrian Cooperative Association, also agreed: “We suffer from this historical terminology, even if many of our cooperatives have already arrived in digital reality.” But cooperatives are characterized by “a pleasant restraint” because the members should be in the spotlight. That’s why a «rebranding» is needed, said Pig, but you shouldn’t just get hung up on the name. «Perhaps we will be able to create such a clear connection as to why cooperatives are so sexy, especially in digitalization, that the cooperative will become a cult brand again and we can stick with the term.»
Theurl: At your institute they thought about an alternative term for a long time, but none could cover the breadth and diversity of a cooperative. That’s why she started introducing her students to particularly successful companies – and then letting them realize that it was a cooperative.
Silke Sewing
Inventory preservation and archiving
Coordination based on
a common metadata format in the German and Austrian library associations
By Silke Sewing
The recommendations for action from the Coordination Office for the Preservation of Written Cultural Heritage (KEK) from 2015 (KEK recommendations for action) call for a national standard for documenting inventory preservation:
“In the future, inventory preservation measures for the holdings from 1851 onwards should be documented in a standardized form and made researchable in the library catalogs for cross-association comparisons. This requires a joint determination with the library associations […].” [1]
When the KEK recommendations for action were published in 2015, inventory conservation measures were not centrally documented. As a rule, libraries recorded damage patterns to their collections and institutional collection measures in their internal databases or in Excel spreadsheets. The documentation mainly followed internal institution guidelines and was not standardized nationwide.
An exception was the journal database (ZDB). Libraries there have been recording the digitization, filming and deacidification measures planned for magazines and newspapers as well as the long-term archiving of digital objects since 1999. However, there were only a few attempts at standardized documentation in the monograph union catalogs.
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North Storage Network: The breakthrough for a uniform metadata format
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This situation changed fundamentally as a result of the model project that the KEK promoted from 2016 to 2018 under the title “Development of a data model for the standardized exchange of information about inventory preservation measures and archiving agreements”. An essential part of this project, with which the Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky and the Speicherverbund Nord developed the basis for comprehensive, supra-regional documentation of inventory preservation measures and archiving, were two workshops in Hamburg in 2017. [2] The aim of these workshops was , to develop a common metadata format with which the documentation required by the KEK could be implemented not only at the level of the storage network itself, but at a supra-regional level. Experts for deacidification, filming, digitization and archiving of physical holdings from Germany, Austria and Switzerland as well as for data formats from the library associations and the ZDB worked together to discuss requirements for supra-regional documentation and to specifically design the format. This solution was modeled based on the international standard MARC21, field 583 “Action note” with its subfields. [3] A marking of inventory preservation and archiving at the bibliographic level was established. In Hamburg it was decided that detailed documentation of the completeness and condition of the inventory can initially be carried out optionally within the institution at the item level. MARC 583 also offers the occupancy at title and item level.
The advantage of the solution at the bibliographic level is that all planned and implemented measures are in one catalog
- digitalization
- filming
- Deacidification
- Archiving
can be seen at a glance. [4] The entry at title level was chosen as a binding solution with a view to the union catalogs because it allows selections of different types: material-related, region-related, method-related, etc. Data analyzes in turn are the starting point for controlling and optimizing processes.
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Working Group on Cooperative Network Applications (AG KVA): The supra-regional application of the metadata format
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The KEK recommendations for action called for the developed metadata format to be raised to the level of the association catalogs for use. In the workshops of the North Storage Association, the next step was to introduce the metadata format into the AG KVA. The library associations from Germany and Austria meet regularly in this committee to agree on common standards for the exchange of data on behalf of the Association of Network Systems and to coordinate the application of library rules for cooperative cataloging.
In the KVA working group it was agreed in 2018 that the documentation of conservation and archiving should refer to all types of holdings in the libraries. The documentation of the long-term archiving of digital objects that already exists in the ZDB and in the catalog of the German National Library (DNB) is viewed as a form of archiving. The standard used internationally in libraries for exchanging data is MARC21; the library associations in Germany and Austria exchange their data with each other in this format. The MARC 583 field and the analogous use of its subfields were defined in the internal formats for uniform use in the areas of inventory preservation and archiving in all library associations, in the DNB and in the ZDB. This created the prerequisites for sustainable, public, cross-institutional, researchable documentation of planned and implemented measures in the areas of archiving and inventory preservation.
[1] Coordination office for the preservation of written cultural assets: The preservation of written cultural assets in archives and libraries in Germany. Nationwide recommendations for action for the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and Media and the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs. Berlin, 2015. [KEK recommendations for action, 2015].
[2] The two documentations of the workshops are only available internally at Speicherverbund Nord: Ostrowski, Felix (graphthinking ?GmbH): Draft? ?of? ?a? ?metadata format? ?for inventory-related? ?documentation of? ?inventory preservation measures and? ?archiving agreements. Results of the expert workshop on September 29, 2017 at the State and University Library of Hamburg. Results? ?of? ?the? ?round table? ?on? ?December 4, 2017? ?at? ?the? ?State? ?and University? ?Library? ?Hamburg. – Public documentation of the activities of the Speicherverbund Nord can be found at this address: https://fachwelt.sub.uni-hamburg.de/archivierung/der-speicherverbund-nord.html .
[3] MARC21 Bibliographic: https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd583.html ; MARC21 Holdings: https://www.loc.gov/marc/holdings/hd583.html . The modeling and development of the controlled vocabulary within the data model is based on preliminary work by the North American libraries, see among others https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/pda.pdf as well as the documentation at OCLC, see among others https: //www.oclc.org/en/services/shared-print-management/metadata-guidelines.html .
[4] Digitization, filming and deacidification and the archiving of physical objects are anchored in the title data record of the printed work. The MARC field 583 is repeatable: As soon as another institution carries out an action on volumes of this title, the field is repeated in the same data record.
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The format used in the ZDB
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Information institutions from all maintenance providers at federal, state and local levels are represented in the ZDB. A total of 3,700 institutions list their holdings in the ZDB. Proof of the preservation and archiving of periodical titles can be actively submitted and, as information, reaches those responsible at all levels of the German and Austrian library system.
Labeling measures is particularly useful for magazines, newspapers and other periodical titles, as individual institutions can deal with specific volume segments of a title. Gaps in treatment can be filled by other institutions. Measures for digitization, deacidification, filming and archiving of physical media are stored in the ZDB when the print edition is recorded.
For the ZDB, the DNB and the PICA associations, the field PICA 4233 was chosen as the equivalent to MARC 583 in the internal format. [1] Each subfield in PICA 4233 has a corresponding subfield in MARC field 583. The information from the subfields complement each other:
- Inventory information
- Measure (archiving, filming, deacidification, digitization) plus status (planned, guaranteed, not possible)
- Planned date of the measure or date of implementation of the measure
- Legal basis/cooperative context
- Legal responsibility
- standardized method of mass deacidification
- implementing actor (carries out the measure for another institution)
- Damage pictures
- annotation
- inventory-managing library/institution (ISIL).
The most important subfields are measures and inventory-managing library. Measures include archiving, filming, deacidification and digitization. The status of the measure is coded in three steps: the measure is classified as either “guaranteed”, “planned” or “not possible”.
Example in the internal format of the ZDB – minimum occupancy
PICA 4233 $a approx. $5 DE-1
The marking “ca” in $a stands for: digitization carried out. The holding institution is listed with its ISIL. In this example, the Berlin State Library Prussian Cultural Heritage (DE-1) has digitized a title.
The coding of the actions is necessary in order to be able to research and select the measures in a uniform manner. They are the basic building blocks that – expanded to include information from the other subfields – enable research tailored to the user.
[1] Detailed format overview of the application in the ZDB: https://www.zeitschriftdatenaba.de/fileadmin/user_upload/ZDB/pdf/zdbformat/4233.pdf .
Read in the final episode: Implementation of mass deacidification measures – Digitization – Legal deposit copies and digital legal deposit copies – The coordinating archiving of magazine holdings – Documentation of damage patterns – Conclusion and outlook
Outside the box (47):
Big Tech and the pandemic
Big Tech maps the terra incognita
of our bodiesThe pandemic as an accelerator of health mapping
Felix Maschewski and Anna-Verena Nosthoff, Big Tech and the pandemic – smart rescuers in times of need?, in: Luxembourg – social analysis and left-wing practice, April 2021. The authors assume that “Big Tech sees the world as a map that can be read. While every street, every hill and every house has already been recorded, every book and photo has been translated into digital form, our behavior has also been datafied and aggregated more and more insistently and its patterns analyzed for some time now. Maps are there to orientate yourself and navigate; they make the world accessible but also controllable. The healthcare market is expected to reach a volume of $979 billion worldwide in 2025 and almost $57 billion in Germany. It is therefore not surprising that the digital companies “recently viewed the human body as terra incognita”. In 2019, Apple CEO Tim Cook answered “almost on behalf of Silicon Valley” when asked what his company’s most important contribution to humanity should be: “health.”
One of the most advanced players in the health mapping business is Google . Most recently, this focused “primarily on the development of algorithms with which to predict the course of patients’ illnesses and to better organize bed occupancy.” Google entered into collaborations with external health service providers through which millions of data sets were transferred – often without the patients’ knowledge disease processes were acquired. In the “Health Study” by the Google subsidiary Verily, since 2018, “10,000 people have been (equipped) with so-called study watches over four years to track all (in)activity (from the number of steps to the quality of sleep). At the same time, the test subjects should continuously fill out questionnaires, check-ups in clinics and undergo tests – from vision tests to walking tests – which give the group insight into all areas of life (and death).» In the «Baseline» project, 1.7 Millions of Americans tested for Corona. “Healthy at Work” offers constant Covid-19 screening for employees. “Google Covid-19 Community Mobility Reports” reflects the current movement trends of the population based on location data from smartphone users. These serve to “locate possible risk areas of infection based on evidence and to determine to what extent measures to restrict contact are effective or not.”
Apple Watch in particular occupies a key position on the wrist, enabling its users to become citizen scientists and use the app to collect personal data – from daily activity to sleep patterns – for early detection of Covid-19 Donate.” You can donate your own data to research further data via Apple’s Research app. Both Google and Apple made a “specially developed interface (available) that enables almost decentralized, anonymized data exchange via Bluetooth and today forms the standard for almost all national tracing apps in Europe.”
Facebook “has developed a corona virus vaccination center for the news feed and has combated fake news – especially about vaccinations – more consistently than ever before.” The company made a platform available on which 50,000 people report to researchers at two universities every day so that the virus can be tracked. Under the motto Data for Good , apps record “how the range of motion and social contacts contribute to the spread of the corona virus, whether the exit restrictions are effective or whether new measures are recommended”. For example, with Facebook Messenger, the respective location data is recorded in real time in order to “create predictive models that predict the course of the crisis”.
Amazon created “Amazon Care” just for its own workforce in the greater Seattle area . “Employees can obtain diagnostic advice from doctors at any time via chat or video call, arrange in-house appointments if necessary, or seek care directly from the employer.” The fitness tracker Halo “can not only count steps, measure pulse rate or skin temperature, it also enables Body fat analysis using a type of 3D scan”. To do this, users “have to take photos of themselves half naked and upload the photos to the Amazon cloud. … The voice should also be recorded via a microphone in order to use affective computing to draw conclusions about the emotional state of the person wearing it and to show its effect on strangers.”
In all of these activities, the pandemic has acted as an accelerator of change processes “that had already begun before it, but are now being pursued with even greater concentration.” The smart tech companies present themselves as “smart saviors… that often take on tasks beyond the state’s hesitation take over and act without democratic consideration processes. … What seems understandable and perhaps necessary during the pandemic can quickly develop a new dynamic. According to GAFA (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon), they have never collected enough data and always know too little about what holds the world and us together deep down.”
International News
Twitter is acquiring Scroll. Scroll has built a way to read articles without the ads, pop-ups, and other clutter that get in the way, cleaning up the reading experience and giving people what they want: just the content. This is an opportunity for Twitter to introduce this proven model to publishers on its service.
Thomson Reuters Reports First-Quarter 2021 Results
Thomson Reuters reported results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2021, updated its revenue outlook for the full year and provided an outlook for the second quarter 2021. Revenues increased 4% due to growth in recurring revenues and a 1% favorable impact from foreign currency.
New ACS Institute Supports the Broad Chemistry Community Across the Spectrum of Learning
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is pleased to announce the launch of the ACS Institute, a centralized portal with over 100 educational and training products and programs from across ACS. The material includes a new series of online courses offered by ACS Publications as well as a suite of new courses from ACS Education.
Following the publication of its first machine-generated book in 2019, Springer Nature has now deployed its AI expertise to create a new publication format which focuses on literature reviews. While the first book on lithium-ion batteries was entirely AI-based, this new format takes a hybrid approach of blending human-machine interaction.
Wolters Kluwer First Quarter 2021 Trading Update
Wolters Kluwer released its scheduled first-quarter 2021 trading update. Highlights: Full-year 2021 guidance reiterated: good start to the year. First-quarter revenues up 4% in constant currencies and up 4% organically. Recurring revenues (81%) grew 3% organically; non-recurring revenues rose 7% organically.
S&P Dow Jones Indices Launches Cryptocurrency Index Series Including S&P Bitcoin Index
S&P Dow Jones Indices (S&P DJI) has officially launched its new series of digital asset benchmarks, the S&P Digital Market Indices. These new S&P-branded indices will measure the performance of digital assets listed on recognized open cryptocurrency exchanges.
Source: Outsell
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