Open Password – Monday, May 31, 2021
#928
Brutality of public discourse – Social networks – Press empires – Legislators – Aden Sorge – Digital limits of freedom of expression – Super election year – Election campaign – Political decision-making – Presidential election campaign USA – Deplatforming – Equal opportunities – Higher Regional Court of Munich – Basic right of freedom of expression – Higher Regional Court of Brandenburg – Higher Regional Court of Hamm – Higher Regional Court of Karlsruhe – Network Enforcement Act – Twitter – Facebook – Review of reported content – Criteria – Press law – Fox News – Rupert Murdoch – Axel Springer – Bild-Zeitung – Campaign journalism – Pandemic – Generation 68 – Coordination of collection preservation and archiving – Common metadata format – German and Austrian library associations – Silke Sewing – Coordination office for the preservation of written cultural assets – KEK recommendations for action – Mass deacidification measures – Digitization – Directory of German prints – Legal deposit copies – Virtual deposit copies – ISIL – Coordinated archiving of periodical volumes – Citizen Science – Libraries – Jens Bemme – Martin Munke – BibChat – Trusted Brands – Pandemic – Health – Career – Trust – Established media – Social media – Social contacts – Internet – Smartphone & tablet – The most trustworthy companies
I
Outside the box: On the brutalization of public discourse in social networks and press empires – a field largely uncultivated by legislators
II.
Cover story: Collection preservation and archiving – coordination based on
a common metadata format in the German and Austrian library associations
III.
Citizen Science: How much citizen science is there in libraries?
IV.
Trusted Brand Study 2021: Careers are becoming increasingly unimportant during the pandemic – the Internet is becoming more important and losing trust
Outside the box
On the brutalization of public discourse
in social networks and press empires:
A field that is largely uncultivated by the legislature
Aden Sorge, The digital limits of freedom of expression, in: Journal of Party Studies, 1/2021. In the super election year of 2021, there is likely to be a further shift in the election campaign from the public space to social media and thus to an area “whose intensive use is both in demand and controversial.” On the one hand, this will give the parties “a wide-reaching, time- and time-saving solution with comparatively little effort Location-independent, target group-specific political communication is possible, which makes comprehensive participation of young citizens in the process of political decision-making more attractive and more likely. » On the other hand, the last presidential election campaign in the USA was marked by misinformation, racist and offensive statements, the sowing of doubts about the integrity of the elections and Calls for violent riots overshadowed. “Deplatforming”, i.e. blocking user accounts and deleting posts from users and politicians, is not an obvious solution from the start. Rather, this can mean an intensive intervention in the sensitive area of freedom of expression and equal opportunities in the political sphere and should be avoided if possible, especially during election campaigns.
In the meantime, “numerous judgments have been issued in the Federal Republic of Germany that reveal the courts’ widely divergent assessments of the responsibility of social network operators. … Are the operators directly bound to the fundamental right of freedom of expression, as the Munich Higher Regional Court believes, for example? » Then, for example, contributions that accuse refugees of being « mostly criminal invaders » who « rape and tomorrow » in Germany would also be tolerated , said the Brandenburg Higher Regional Court. Or do the operators have “digital house rules”? Then, according to the Higher Regional Court of Hamm and Karlsruhe, behavior for communication should be determined and violations sanctioned.
The author says: “Convincing arguments can be found for both views. … Provided that the community guidelines of the operators of social networks set out abstract, general behavioral guidelines that do not exclude individual opinions in terms of content, but only want to tie the expression of opinions to a certain level of discussion, it seems disproportionate to deny them virtual housekeeping rights. … The current situation is very unsatisfactory. … The decision on this elementary question should be made by the legislature. It would be conceivable, for example, to expand the Network Enforcement Act to include regulations that place specific requirements on the community guidelines and strike a balance between digital house rules and users’ freedom of expression.
The practice of the operators is also diverse. While Twitter has established the ability to “add a notice to certain content indicating violation of community guidelines,” Facebook said before the US presidential election that it wanted to “tolerate any expression by politicians on the platform.” From the perspective of Operators are “responsible for developing an effective infrastructure that enables the reported content to be properly checked. They are obliged to develop reliable and comprehensible criteria on the basis of which content is sanctioned. » Before the legislator and the operators take action, which is urgently required, « largely unregulated communication by political competitors appears to be the better alternative for the time being .”
The author’s conclusion is: “Principles from analogue interaction must also apply in digital communication spaces. Debates are largely productive if they take place in civilized conditions and with mutual respect. This is largely missing from many digital debates these days. … In such a sensitive and essential area, we have not yet found a way to use the new tools that could strengthen our democracy.”
Editorial note: Open Password and others have recommended that the responsibility of social network operators be framed in legal requirements similar to press law. In particular, there should be an approachable and accessible responsible “editor” for every publication on these platforms. Unfortunately, these considerations have not yet found their way into case law.
In addition, the problem of the brutalization of public discourse is not an exclusive feature of social networks. It should also be noted that press and media law cannot in any way ensure that mass media live up to their public responsibility. For example, Fox News and Rupert Murdoch’s other media in the USA, Great Britain and Australia have contributed to the brutalization of public discourse, as have social networks. A discussion about this took place in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s and 1970s, when Axel Springer established campaign journalism in his press empire, particularly in the Bild newspaper, in which the facts were not so precise. We are currently being reminded of this again as the Bild newspaper, which is threatened with a drop in circulation, has returned to this campaign journalism on pandemic issues. So here we have a debate that the 1968 generation should have brought to an end ( Br ).
Inventory preservation and archiving
Coordination based on
a common metadata format
in the German and Austrian library associations
By Silke Sewing (Image)
Second part
_________________________________________________________________________________
Implementation of mass deacidification measures
__________________________________________________________________________________
In the KEK recommendations for action, based on a survey of monographs carried out in 2015, almost nine million volumes from the period 1851-1990 are listed as mandatory copies at federal and state institutions that are acutely threatened by paper decay and must be deacidified as the first stage of an overall strategy . [1]
One goal of the KEK is to promote standardized and certified processes for mass deacidification. Five mass deacidification processes are initially documented in the metadata format in the form of a controlled vocabulary: DEZ, Mg3/MBG, METE, MgO, MMMC [2] . With this information, which can be specifically selected, the use of individual mass deacidification processes can be accessed and statistically evaluated in the medium and long term.
__________________________________________________________________________________
digitalization
__________________________________________________________________________________
The? ?documentation? ?of? ?planned? ?and? ?implemented? ?stock preservation measures? ?as well as? ?archiving agreements? ?is? ?necessary? ?for? ?cross-institutional? ?coordination.? ?The context, the legal The framework or cooperative program in which the measure is carried out is stored.
For example, the ZDB’s Directory of German Prints of the 18th Century (VD18) records when which library plans to digitize certain volumes of a title. This information is used to encourage other libraries to digitize additional volume segments that are not available at the first digitizing library.
___________________________________________________________________________?_______
Legal deposit copies and virtual legal deposit copies
__________________________________________________________________________________
Legal deposit libraries are particularly important in all types of conservation measures. This special responsibility is taken into account in the data format. In Germany, the abbreviation “PE” for deposit copy followed by a letter code for the federal state indicates that this title is the deposit copy of a specific region. The ISIL of the holding institution shows which library is responsible. [3]
It is also possible to “mark virtual legal deposits”. In these cases, the library actually responsible cannot fulfill its role as archivist or conservator because it does not have the inventory. Another library carries out the measure for you.
__________________________________________________________________________________
The coordinated archiving of journal volumes
__________________________________________________________________________________
The KEK calls it by its name: Ensuring the permanent archiving of printed works in multiple copies is expensive and requires prioritization that must be coordinated. [4]
North storage network. The North Storage Association, the contractually secured regional cooperation of northern German libraries, was founded to jointly archive existing printed magazine collections with the aim of making every relevant printed magazine permanently available in the original at least once. The SuUB Bremen, the TIB Hannover, the UB Kiel, the MIZ Lüneburg, the UB Rostock and the SUB Hamburg form the North Storage Association. [5]
In the North storage network, the ZDB is first checked to see whether there are multiple copies of a title. This is followed by a check as to whether the title that is to be archived is available in its entirety at a library or whether volumes from other libraries can fill gaps in the archiving. It is also clear at the bibliographic level whether the title has already been reproduced. Based on these and other criteria, it is then possible to make a selection of the volumes to be archived.
Shared Archiving Austria. In 2017, the Austrian university libraries joined forces to form the “Shared Archiving Austria” initiative in order to archive print copies of electronically licensed journals only once throughout Austria. Here too, the ZDB acts as a reference database in which archived journals are marked.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Documentation of damage patterns
__________________________________________________________________________________
In previous workshops and meetings, the documentation of damage patterns was
viewed more at the level of the specimen in order to be able to plan specific conservation measures as needed. Nevertheless, it is possible to record damage patterns at a bibliographic level. This can be useful where these occur collectively, e.g. B. if a problem with the material affects entire editions. However, the physical condition has not yet been described in the form of a controlled vocabulary, but this is the prerequisite for being able to specifically search for damage patterns in supra-regional databases.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Closing words and outlook
__________________________________________________________________________________
The KEK writes in its recommendations for action:
“The amount of documents to be preserved in the archives and libraries requires systematic action in the correct technical order. Not everything can be treated immediately, simultaneously and equally. Measures must be prioritized according to different criteria depending on the case, and the preservation of multiple printed works in libraries must be coordinated and coordinated across countries.” [6]
The new metadata format makes it possible to track which individual institutions and which cooperative projects are planning or implementing measures to protect cultural assets. This makes it easier to decide on site which measures should be carried out on your own inventory, and synergy effects can be used. Examples of joint ventures include: the Northern Storage Association, the coordinated digitalization within the framework of VD18 and the coordinated mass deacidification in Baden-Württemberg. It would be desirable for the format to be used in further supra-regional projects. PICA 4233 is comprehensively indexed in the ZDB in order to be able to generate all types of combined evaluations for cooperative joint ventures in inventory protection and archiving.
Although the introduction of a common metadata format can be seen as a major breakthrough, the goal of documentation formulated in the KEK recommendations for action has not yet been fully achieved. Although the metadata format is available and used in all library associations, the journal database and the German National Library, it has not yet been filled using uniform guidelines. As described, it was the cooperative conservation projects and the storage associations that had already developed and implemented such guidelines as part of their activities. Now there are two further impulses that will stimulate supra-regional evidence of distributed archiving: On the one hand, the Ad-hoc-AG Cooperative History of Section 4 of the German Library Association (dbv) has set itself the goal of developing cooperation models for the section which are primarily concerned with the distributed archiving of physical holdings. In November 2019, the AG Regional Libraries of Section 4 of the dbv decided that the state libraries must compulsorily fill the metadata format in the area of periodicals to ensure the archiving of their mandatory copies and also suggests this when listing monographs.
Overall, when developing the metadata format for inventory preservation and archiving, one can speak of a “success story”, which is a prerequisite for supra-regional, uniform and transparent documentation in the sense of the KEK.
[1] KEK recommendations for action, 2015, p. 27.
[2] DEZ (Diethyl zinc), Mg3/MBG (Magnesium dibutoxytriethylene glycoate/Magnesium butyl glycoate (e.g. FMC)), METE (Magnesium ethoxide & titanium ethoxide (e.g. Battelle)), MgO (Magnesium exide ( e.g. Bookkeeper)), MMMC (Methoxy magnesium methylcarbonate (e.g. Like T’o)).
[3] From the beginning of 2020, the Regional Libraries Working Group has defined a standardized form of responsibility for legal deposits that are archived by the state libraries: depositing the abbreviation “PE” for legal deposits followed by a two-letter ISO code 3166-2:DE for the region (e.g. “PEBW” stands for deposit copy Baden-Württemberg).
[4] KEK recommendations for action, 2015, p. 51.
[5] https://fachwelt.sub.uni-hamburg.de/archivierung/der-speicherverbund-nord.html .
[6] KEK recommendations for action, 2015, p. 47.
Citizen Science
How much citizen science
is in libraries?
June 7th, 8 p.m., Announcement 51. #BibChatDE: How much citizen science is in libraries today? The moderators are Jens Bemme and Martin Munke, who have also published on “citizen science” in Open Password.
Citizens have always been doing research . With and in private collections and especially in libraries: in analog, in digital, in municipal and in science-related – in college, university, state, national libraries and others. Is citizen science still underestimated? How much citizen science is there in our libraries? We will talk about the following questions:
- Who does research in your library? On what topics or questions?
- Which #CitizenScience projects do you know?
- What concerns and needs do researching citizens formulate?
- How can libraries support citizen research? What already works well? Does library work benefit from citizen science?
- Is citizen research in libraries even a municipal task?
- What else would you like to know about #CitizenScience?
You are welcome to pre-plan your answers via Tweetdeck if you are unable to attend the BibChat evening. The following compilation provides an introduction to the discussion: Eva Bunge: How much science does the library need? Scientific Literacy and Citizen Science in Public Libraries, DOI: 10.18452/20190 , Bock + Herchen Verlag, 2019 – Network and project portal: www.buergerschaffenwissen.de – Citizen Science in the Saxorum blog: https://saxorum.hypotheses.org/category/citizen-science – Citizen Science in the Zurich Central Library blog: https://www.zb.uzh.ch/de/news/zblog#citizen-science – Jens Bemme, Martin Munke: Open Citizen Science: Guidelines for curatorial practices in academic libraries , DOI: 10.1515/9783110673722-013 , De Gruyter, 2020. – Martin Munke, Jens Bemme: Citizen scientists on an equal footing with established science, open password: Part 1 , Part 2 , 2020 – Sona Zoé: Humanities citizen science projects with an open data approach in German memory institutions, DOI: 10.18452/22526 , Humboldt University of Berlin, 2021 – The Library & Community Guide to Citizen Science (PDF) – Wikidata: Open Citizen Science , (Q66771716) . Reader’s Digest Germany
Trusted Brand Study 2021
Career becoming increasingly unimportant during the pandemic
Internet is becoming more important
and losing trust
(ReadersDigest) The current, representative results of the Reader’s Digest study « Trusted Brand 2021 » show a clear shift in values:
– Health is most important to people in Germany.
– Only 39 percent of those surveyed think their career is important in 2021, compared to 46 percent five years ago.
– 65 to 53 percent of the population trust public media, daily newspapers and magazines.
– Internet is important, but not always trustworthy: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter & Co. are trusted by 10 percent of those surveyed .
The current Reader’s Digest « Trusted Brand 2021 » study shows what is important to people, what values matter to them and which media they trust. Clearly, health comes first. More than 90 percent (92%) put it at the top of the 19 specified personally important aspects in life, up from 89 percent five years ago. The immediate environment, one’s own environment and family and social contacts also remain at the top of this list with more than 70 percent each. However, the desire to pursue a career has decreased significantly: in the pandemic year, professional success is only important to 39 percent of adults aged 18 and over; five years ago it was just under half of the population (46%).
The Internet is almost as important as the circle of friends for people in Germany: 70 percent of respondents aged 18 and over confirm the Internet as a (very) important aspect in their lives. In the past two years, this value has increased by around 13 percent, probably due to the greater need for information during the pandemic. Smartphones and tablets are “very” important to “only” one in two people. In a five-year comparison, this figure has increased significantly; in 2017 it was a good third for whom such a mobile device was important. Social media is only rated as (very) important by one in four respondents and remains at the bottom of the list, regardless of gender. In terms of age groups, only the age group between 18 and 25 is significantly above average at 41 percent.
In general, the population enjoys a high level of trust in traditional media: three out of four people trust the public TV channels, 63 percent trust their radio stations, 62 percent trust the daily newspapers and 58 percent trust the national daily newspapers and news websites, 53 percent trust the magazines. Trust in social media on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok & Co. is slipping below the 10 percent mark. So internet is important, but not always trustworthy.
Career aspects have clearly taken a back seat over the last five years. Today, career and professional success are only important for 39 percent of those surveyed; in 2017, career was still very important for almost half of the population (46%). There are clear differences in the age groups: While two thirds of Generation Z (18-25 years old) find career important, in Generation Y (26-39 years old) only half do so and from the age of 40 onwards Professional success becomes significantly less important – a third between the ages of 40 and 59 still find confirmation in their job.
The study also examines the trust status of Germans in relation to companies and their brands. The Most Trusted Brands 2021 include: Abtei, Allianz, Aspirin, Bosch, C&A, Dr. Oetker, Edeka, Frosch, Gerolsteiner, Haribo, Hohes C, Nivea, Persil, Rotkäppchen, Rügenwalder Mühle, Samsung, Sparkasse, Teekanne, Volkswagen, Weight Watchers, Wick. In other performance categories such as quality, environmental protection, innovation and customer satisfaction, Miele, Apple, Frosch, Amazon and Aldi were also able to position themselves at the top as highly trustworthy.
With its Trusted Brand Studies, Reader’s Digest has been surveying the trust status of people in Germany on various topics every year for more than 20 years.
OpenPassword
Forum and news
for the information industry
in German-speaking countries
New editions of Open Password appear four times a week.
If you would like to subscribe to the email service free of charge, please register at www.password-online.de.
The current edition of Open Password can be accessed immediately after it appears on the web. www.password-online.de/archiv. This also applies to all previously published editions.
International Cooperation Partner:
Outsell (London)
Business Industry Information Association/BIIA (Hong Kong)
Open Password Archive – Publications
OPEN PASSWORD ARCHIVE
DATA JOURNALISM
Handelsblatt’s Digital Reach